What is a "CHAP challenge?" To authenticate using CHAP, a "Chap Challenge" is sent, challenge + username + password creates an MD5 hash that is verified. PADS (AC sends session-ID) What is the LCP callback option? Re-initiates dial session What is the LCP multilink option? Allows for fragmentation What is the LCP multilink MRRU? Max fragmented bytes What is the LCP multilink MRU? MTU of link Describe PAP authentication Clear-text, 2-way handshake, sends routers hostname as the username by default Describe CHAP authentication Hashed username and password, 3-way handshake, sends routers hostname as the username by default. PADS (Session Confirm) PADI (Client broadcast looking for ACs) NCP (negotiates layer 3 protocol, IPCP or CDPCP) PPPoE Active Discovery 4 steps PADI (Initialization) Teredo What are the 4 phases for PPP (and PPPoE)? What is MCTs default MTU? 1480 bytes What is GREs default MTU? 1476 bytes What are 3 other tunneling protocols that exist? 6to4 NAT64 What is the port number for IPv6 encapsulated inside IPv4? 41 What is MCT? Manually Configured Tunnel, similar to GRE but MCT encapsulated packets without an additional header. QoS What are 3 ways to being migrating to IPv6? Dual-stack This causes a saw-tooth graph of bandwidth utilization and is not optimal What can help prevent Global SYnchronization? wRED (Weighted Random Early Detection) What are the two ways you can help solve TCP Starvation/UDP dominance? Seperate TCP/UDP queues, These have a high bandwidth-delay product What is Global Synchronization? When TCP increases the window size until drops occur, then TCP slows down, then increases again. BW x Delay What is LFN? Long Fat Network, network with high bandwidth but also high delays. What is bandwidth-delay product? How much data can be in transit at once. 1460 bytes by default since TCP and IP header take up 20 bytes each What is Windowing? Windowing allows for multiple TCP segments to be acknowledged at once. What is MSS? Maximum Segment Size, the maximum TCP payload size.
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